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Eugen Richter
Eugen Richter (July 30, 1838 in Düsseldorf – March 10, 1906 in Lichterfelde, Berlin) was a German politician and journalist in Imperial Germany. He was one of the leading advocates of liberalism in the Prussian Diet and the German Reichstag.〔Cf. Abbé E. Wetterlé (Representative for Alsace-Lorraine): ''few men exercised over Parliament an action so powerful as his. When the President granted him leave to speak, all the members gathered around him, for he never left his seat to mount the tribune. ... Bismarck, who could not stand contradiction, used to leave the assembly as soon as Richter began to speak. ... Few debaters had the courage to try their strength with the terrible polemicist. Kardorf and Kanitz, like Bebel and Singer, only reluctantly accepted the struggle with the man who always succeeded in having the laugh on his side.'' In: ''Behind the Scenes in the Reichstag'', New York, 1918, p.47-48. ((online) )〕
==Career==
Son of a combat medic, Richter attended the Gymnasium in his home town of Düsseldorf. In 1856 he began to study Law and Economics, first at the University of Bonn, and later at the Berlin and Heidelberg. He obtained a law degree in 1859. Richter became a strong advocate of free trade, a market economy, and a Rechtsstaat; views he held for all his life. In 1859 he became a civil servant in the judiciary. He achieved some renown for his essay ''Über die Freiheit des Schankgewerbes'' (On the liberty of the tavern trade). His liberal views caused some trouble with the Prussian bureaucracy. In 1864 he was elected the mayor of Neuwied, but the president of the provincial government refused to confirm his election result. Richter left the civil service, and became the parliamentary correspondent of the ''Elberfelder Zeitung'' in Berlin. In 1867 he entered the Reichstag, and after 1869 also became a member of the Prussian Lower House.
He became the leader of the German Progress Party (Deutsche Fortschrittspartei), after 1884 the German Freeminded Party (Deutsche Freisinnige Partei), after 1893 the Freeminded People's Party (Freisinnige Volkspartei), and was one of the leading critics of the policies of Otto von Bismarck. In response to the Anti-Socialist Laws passed in 1878 banning the Social Democrat Party Richter said: "I fear Social-Democracy more under this law than without it".〔W. H. Dawson, ''Bismarck and State Socialism. An Exposition of the Social and Economic Legislation of Germany since 1870'' (London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1891), p. 44.〕 Responding to rumors that Bismarck was going to introduce a tobacco monopoly, Richter unsuccessfully sought to persuade the Reichstag to pass a resolution condemning such a monopoly as "economically, financially, and politically unjustifiable".〔Dawson, pp. 64-65.〕 When Bismarck proposed a system of social insurance paid by the state he denounced it as "not Socialistic, but Communistic".〔A. J. P. Taylor, ''Bismarck. The Man and the Statesman'' (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1955), p. 202.〕 From 1885 to 1904 he was the chief editor of the liberal newspaper ''Freisinnige Zeitung''.
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